Diminuarea efectelor insulei de căldură în aglomerările urbane utilizând soluţii specifice clădirilor verzi
Autor/autori: Adriana KADHIM-ABID, Gabriela M. ATANASIU, Irina BLIUC
Rezumat: Insula de Căldură Urbană este un fenomen influenţat direct de gradul ridicat de urbanizare înregistrat în ultimele decenii. Efectele dăunătoare ale acestui fenomen se manifestă atât la nivel urban, cât şi la nivelul clădirii, prin disconfort şi implicit prin creşterea necesarului de energie pentru climatizare şi ventilare mecanică. Soluţiile pentru diminuarea efectelor acestui fenomen presupun integrarea unor sisteme ce favorizează prezenţa vegetaţiei la nivelul acoperişului terasă. Lucrarea de faţă susţine validitatea soluţiilor de integrare a suprafeţelor înverzite în anvelopa clădirilor prin analiza efectelor acestora asupra microclimatului interior comparativ cu soluţiile convenţionale
Cuvinte cheie: insulă de căldură, acoperișuri verzi, confort termic
Abstract: The Urban Heat Island phenomenon is directly influenced by the high level of urbanization registered in the last decades. This phenomenon is manifested by increased air temperature values in densely built areas compared to those values registered outside the city and is generated by the amount of anthropogenic heat release, thermal properties of the urban fabric and reduction of green permeable surfaces. The harmful effects of the Urban Heat Island phenomenon occur especially during the hot season at both urban and building level, through discomfort, therefore through an increased energy demand for cooling loads. In order to prevent overheating of the urban areas a series of interventions on the urban fabric and on the building’s envelope can be adopted as to reduce the amount of absorbed solar radiation. Solutions for Urban Heat Island mitigation on buildings involve developing permeable surfaces with high reflectance of solar radiation by integrating on the building’s envelope systems that favour the presence of vegetation on the roof terrace and vertical elements. This paper supports the validity of green surface integration solutions by analyzing their effects on indoor climate, in comparison with conventional systems. The analysis is based on computer simulated models of the heat transfer phenomena under variable conditions, with respect to external climatic parameters influenced by the Heat Island effects
Keywords: Urban Heat Island, green roofs, thermal confort